Four decades post-Chernobyl, Italy’s government is laying the groundwork for a nuclear power revival, driven by rising electricity demand and climate change imperatives. Premier Meloni’s administration anticipates parliamentary approval for a legal framework supporting next-generation nuclear technologies, focusing on small modular reactors. This initiative seeks to mitigate energy supply shocks exacerbated by geopolitical tensions, notably the Ukraine conflict. Public sentiment is shifting, with a June 2026 survey indicating 55% support for nuclear among Italians, particularly younger generations. However, historical apprehensions linger, as previous referenda rejected nuclear energy. Critics highlight the high costs and potential local opposition to reactor siting and waste management. The government acknowledges that nuclear power will not provide immediate relief from high electricity prices but could play a crucial role in future energy strategies, with operational timelines projected for 2033 to 2035.