The dissenting members, who supported former Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, opposed Kaczyński’s hardline policies and formed a new group called ‘Development Plus.’ Morawiecki has not yet clarified whether he intends to establish a separate political party. The PiS, which governed Poland from 2015 to 2023, faced significant criticism for its judicial reforms, leading to tensions with the European Commission. The party lost the parliamentary elections in October 2023.